Suchergebnisse

Dinamis komitmen Masyarakat Internasional dalam isu kontrol atas pemanasan global telah dikembangkan sejak tahun 1919 sampai sekarang. Dari daftar perjanjian - perjanjian internasional yang ada, dapat dilihat seberapa kuat komitmen komunitas global dalam isu-isu lingkungan, pemanasan global serta perubahan iklim. Sayangnya, dapat disimpulkan, bahwa perjanjian-perjanjian internasional begitu terfragmentasi dan oleh karena itu, sulit untuk dilaksanakan membandingkan dengan instrumen hukum lingkungan internasional pada umumnya. Namun, kemauan politik dari negara nasional adalah inti untuk membuat agenda internasional. Hal ini dikarenakan niat yang baik dari suatu pemerintahan dapat membawa hal yang baik bagi negara maupun rakyatnya, khususnya lagi dalam pengendalian global warming.Sehingga dalam hal ini negara juga mempunyai peranan dalam mewujudkan kelestarian lingkungan bagi rakyatnya, hal ini juga secara tidak langsung merupakan bagian dari kewajiban negara untuk menjaga stabilitas dan kelangsungan hidup rakyat dan kelestarian sumber daya alam yang di kandung negara tersebut, demi kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran seluruh rakyat.

Perkembangan desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah di Indonesia telah mengalami pasang surut mulai sejak jaman kolonial Belanda sampai saat ini. Sejak Indonesia merdeka hingga saat ini sudah ada 8 (delapan) Undang-Undang yang mengatur tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, mulai dari UU No. 1/1945, UU No. 22/1948, UU No. 1/1957, UU No. 18/1965, UU No. 5/1974, UU No. 22/1999, UU No. 32/2004, dan terakhir UU No. 23/2014. Masing-masing UU tersebut memiliki politik hukumnya sendiri yang kemudian berimplikasi pada adanya perbedaan fungsi Gubernur dalam penyelenggaraan sistem pemerintahan di Indonesia. Ada 2 (dua) fungsi dasar yang melekat pada Gubernur. Pertama, yaitu fungsi desentralisasi. Dalam kaitannya dengan fungsi ini, Gubernur berkedudukan sebagai Kepala Daerah Otonom, yang memiliki kewenangan untuk menjalankan urusan rumah tangga daerah dengan sumber pendanaan APBD. Kedua, yaitu fungsi dekonsentrasi. Dalam kaitannya dengan fungsi ini, Gubernur berkedudukan sebagai Wakil Pemerintah Pusat, yang memiliki kewenangan untuk menjalankan urusan pemerintahan (absolut maupun umum) dengan sumber pendanaan APBN.

The local government is very important in the context of unitary state according to Indonesia Constitution (UUD NRI 1945). There is no constitution in the world that does not regulate important thing regarding to local government or state government explicitly. Therefore formulations charging a place on local government may be related parameter early governance in the region. There are 2 (two) important issues relating to constitutionality of model charging office deputy head of the regions in the regional head election. First, standing of deputy head based on the laws. Second, constitutionality of model charging office deputy head of the regions based on Law No. 1/2015 jo Law No. 8/2015. In this paper, there are 2 (two) models in placing the position of deputy head of region. First, the position is hierarchical under the head of the region with the argument that the deputy head of the region appointed by the head of the region. And second, the position of the deputy head of the region is considered parallel to the regional head because both are directly elected by the people in a package.

Dynamic of commitment of International Community in the issue of control upon global warming has been developed since 1919 up to present. From available list of international treaties, it can be seen how strong the commitment of global community in the issues of environment, global warming as well as climate change. Unfortunately, it can be concluded, that those international treaties is so fragmented and therefore, is difficult to be implemented comparing with instrument of international environmental law in general. However, political will of national state is the essence to create international agenda. It is because olitical will of the state national is the core to make international agenda .It was because good reasons of a government can bring a good thing for the country and its people , especially again in control global warming So that in this case the state also has a role in realizing environmental sustainability for its people, it is also indirectly a part of the obligation of the state to maintain the stability and survival of the people and the preservation of natural resources in the country, for the welfare and prosperity of all the people .

The shift from a parliament supremation to constitution supremation after the reformation brought a basic change in the state structur of Indonesia. MPR is not the highest institution of this country but has become a higher institution and has an equal position as other higher institutions. It has become the main reason of not putting MPR/S' law's products up as in the law hierarchy in Indonesia based on Law Number 10/2004. However, Law Number 12/2011 put MPR's decision in the hierarchy has made a new problematique. First of all, as seen on its position is above the laws and below the constitution. Second, the validity of MPR's decision in the Law Number 12/2011. Third, related to which institution that has authority to examine MPR's decision when it contradicts to Indonesian constitution.Key Word : TAP MPR, Position, Law Status, Authority of Examination